Building solar-powered AI data centers in space is a no-brainer: always sunny, ~5x the energy per panel, and 3 K cooling in shadow. Lowest-cost place to put AI will be space within 2 years, maybe 3 at the latest.
"the lowest cost place to put AI will be space"
Once domestic solar and Starship are at scale, space is by far the cheapest place for AI compute. He sees a path to 100 gigawatts a year of solar-powered AI satellites, and later building them on the Moon with a mass driver.
"by far the cheapest way to do AI compute will be in space"
On restarting Dojo because Nvidia is expensive, he said putting 1 TW/year of AI in space would take more dollars than exist unless chips are cheap.
"Well, we would literally need more dollars than actually exist to put 1TW/year of AI in space unless we have cheap chips"
He said 100 GW/year of solar-powered AI satellites requires 100 GW/year of AI computers.
"100GW/year of solar-powered AI satellites requires 100GW/year of AI computers …"
Electricity output outside China is flat; space solar is ~5x more effective with no batteries. Space will be the cheapest place for AI in about 36 months.
"by far the cheapest place to put AI"
He said AI5/AI6 will be fine for space at low GW/year; AI7/Dojo3 for >10 GW/year; AI8/Dojo3 for >100 GW/year.
"AI5/AI6 will be fine for space at the low GW/year scale.
AI7/Dojo3 for >10GW/year.
AI8/Dojo3 for >100GW/year."
On Sam Altman saying orbital data centers won't add meaningful compute for OpenAI in 5 years, he said Altman is right — for OpenAI.
"He is right … for OpenAI"
Replying to a land-vs-space datacenter cost breakdown, he said chip costs will drop dramatically.
"Chip costs will drop dramatically"
He said it may be only two or three years before sending AI chips to space is cheaper than running them on the ground.
"I think it may be only two or three years before it is actually lower cost to send AI chips to space than it is on the ground"
He said Google will win the AI race in the West, China on Earth, and SpaceX in space.
"Google will win the AI race in the West, China on Earth and SpaceX in space"
To capture a meaningful share of the Sun you have to go to space. He wants to launch satellites into Earth orbit to collect solar power, avoiding giant terrestrial plants; cooling is easier because you can radiate to vacuum.
"we need to uh launch satellites to to to orbit Earth"
Compute should expand in space because Earth is a tiny dust mote receiving a half-billionth of the Sun's energy; first AI satellites next year, large scale in about 2 years.
"the way to to expand um compute uh is is really in space"
From SpaceX he wants more energy than the ground can supply; orbital compute will be a very big deal, and space solar gets nameplate power without huge batteries.
"orbital compute is going to be a very big deal"
After a report of Google TPUs launching to test orbital AI data centers, he said the amount of compute in space will obviously round up to 100% of all compute.
"The amount of compute in space will obviously round up to 100% of all compute"
Space lets you harness far more of the sun than Earth can; that energy goes into digital intelligence, which he calls creating a sentient sun.
"you're able to harness a lot more of the sun's power in space than than you can on Earth"
He said each SpaceX Star Mind super-intelligence spacecraft will have over 250kW of solar power, about 20% more than the ISS.
"Each @SpaceX Star Mind super intelligence spacecraft will have over 250kW of solar power, which is about 20% more than the International Space Station"